Intercostal Spaces

Each intercostal space has three muscle layers and a neurovascular bundle running in the costal groove — essential for chest drains. MUSCLE LAYERS (like the abdominal wall) • External intercostal (hands-in-pockets; elevates ribs in inspiration). • Internal intercostal. • Innermost intercostal — the neurovascular bundle runs between the internal + innermost layers. NEUROVASCULAR BUNDLE — order…