Tumour Markers — Common Associations

AFP (α-fetoprotein): • Hepatocellular carcinoma • Yolk sac tumour (testicular non-seminoma) • Open neural tube defects (↑ maternal AFP) • Down syndrome (↓ maternal AFP) CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen): • Colorectal cancer (most common) • Pancreatic, lung, breast (less specific) PSA (prostate-specific): • Prostate cancer (also BPH, prostatitis) CA-125: Ovarian cancer CA-19-9: Pancreatic cancer CA-15-3: Breast cancer HCG: Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole, testicular tumours S-100: Melanoma, neural tumours, Langerhans cell histiocytosis Calcitonin: Medullary thyroid carcinoma TRAP: Hairy cell leukaemia LDH: any rapidly proliferating tumour (lymphoma, germ cell)