High-yield note
·Physiology
Heart Sounds & Murmurs
⭐ PREMIUM
Heart Sounds:
S1: Mitral + Tricuspid closure → start of systole
S2: Aortic + Pulmonary closure → start of diastole
S3: Rapid ventricular filling → pathological >40
S4: Atrial contraction into stiff ventricle → always pathological
Systolic Murmurs:
• Aortic stenosis — ejection systolic, radiates to carotids
• Mitral regurgitation — pansystolic, radiates to axilla
• VSD — harsh pansys…
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